In 2025, the Belt and Road Initiative will enter its 12th year. Against the backdrop of a global economic recovery and the explosive iteration of digital technology, China's trade in goods with 152 co-construction countries is expected to exceed US$2.5 trillion, the penetration rate of cross-border e-commerce has climbed to 28%, and the intelligent driving technology of China-Europe trains has entered the commercialization stage. Behind these data, a trade paradigm shift driven by technological revolution, green transformation and institutional innovation is reshaping the economic landscape of Eurasia.
1. Digital Trade: From "Channel Revolution" to "Ecological Reconstruction"
In Saudi Arabia's NEOM Future City, the world's first full-process digital twin port built by Chinese companies has been put into operation, and the blockchain logistics system has increased the efficiency of cross-border document processing by 90%; in Kigali, Rwanda, Africa, Cainiao Network's drone delivery network covers 80% of the country's villages, and local coffee is delivered directly to Shanghai's live broadcast room within 48 hours. In 2025, the "Digital Silk Road" will enter the 2.0 stage:
Smart logistics revolution: China-Europe trains are equipped with Beidou satellite navigation system to achieve unmanned operation throughout the journey, reducing energy consumption by 15%;
Breakthrough in digital trade rules: China-ASEAN "White List Agreement on Cross-border Data Flow" takes effect, and tariff barriers for digital service trade are reduced by 40%;
Metaverse business landing: The "Belt and Road" special zone of the Canton Fair realizes holographic exhibition and sales, and Malaysian durian growers use AR technology to show the planting environment to Middle Eastern buyers in real time.
The "multiplier effect" of digital infrastructure begins to emerge: The World Bank estimates that the scale of the digital economy along the "Belt and Road" will account for 43% of the world in 2025, and cross-border data traffic will increase by 300% compared with 2022.
2. Green trade: from "product output" to "system empowerment"
On Java Island, Indonesia, China built the world's largest floating photovoltaic power station connected to the grid for power generation, and the supporting green hydrogen electrolysis equipment reduced the carbon intensity of local nickel ore smelting by 70%; in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the electric bus factory invested and built by Yutong Bus achieved a 100% localization rate, driving the formation of the Central Asian new energy vehicle industry chain. In 2025, green trade showed three major characteristics:
Export of zero-carbon technology packages: China's exports of "photovoltaic + energy storage + smart microgrid" integrated solutions to co-construction countries increased by 210% year-on-year;
Carbon tariff coordination mechanism: China-Kazakhstan launched the world's first cross-border carbon market interconnection pilot;
Circular economy closed loop: A cross-border recycling system for renewable resources was established along the China-Laos Railway, and the recycling rate of rubber products exceeded 65%.
The International Energy Agency report shows that China's investment in renewable energy in the "Belt and Road" will reach 68% in 2025, and its voice in green trade rule-making will be significantly improved.
3. Regional synergy: from "interconnection" to "value chain reconstruction"
After the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway was fully connected, the transportation time from Central Asia to the Mediterranean was shortened to 7 days, giving birth to the "Tianshan Economic Corridor" industrial cluster; in the first year of the launch of the China-Africa Free Trade Area, Kenyan fresh avocados arrived in China via a cold chain train in 12 days, driving the export of agricultural products from East Africa to grow by 35%. Regional cooperation in 2025 presents a new logic:
Flexible supply chain network: The Vietnam-Guangxi border smart industrial park realizes dynamic allocation of production capacity and can respond to global order fluctuations;
Localized innovation community: The NEOM joint laboratory jointly built by China and Saudi Arabia has achieved patent breakthroughs in the field of high-temperature photovoltaic materials;
Digital currency settlement circle: Digital RMB accounts for 22% of the settlement in the RCEP region, avoiding the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.
This "deep synergy" is changing the traditional gradient transfer model: Malaysia's imports of Chinese semiconductor intermediates increased by 45%, while exports of chip packaging services to the Middle East increased by 200%, forming a closed loop of cross-regional value chains.
IV. Challenges and Evolution: The Maturity of New Cooperation Paradigms
Facing the pressure of global supply chain restructuring, the Belt and Road Initiative has explored a more resilient cooperation path:
Intelligent Debt Management System: Sri Lanka's Hambantota Port introduced an AI debt risk assessment model to dynamically bind project yields to sovereign credit ratings;
New Technology Licensing Model: Egypt's Suez Economic and Trade Zone piloted a "patent equity" mechanism, and Chinese new energy vehicle companies exchanged technology for markets;
Geo-risk hedging tools: Sinosure launched the "Digital Silk Road Insurance" to cover new risks such as data sovereignty and technology supply interruptions.
In 2025, the Belt and Road Initiative will enter its 12th year. Against the backdrop of a global economic recovery and the explosive iteration of digital technology, China's trade in goods with 152 co-construction countries is expected to exceed US$2.5 trillion, the penetration rate of cross-border e-commerce has climbed to 28%, and the intelligent driving technology of China-Europe trains has entered the commercialization stage. Behind these data, a trade paradigm shift driven by technological revolution, green transformation and institutional innovation is reshaping the economic landscape of Eurasia.
1. Digital Trade: From "Channel Revolution" to "Ecological Reconstruction"
In Saudi Arabia's NEOM Future City, the world's first full-process digital twin port built by Chinese companies has been put into operation, and the blockchain logistics system has increased the efficiency of cross-border document processing by 90%; in Kigali, Rwanda, Africa, Cainiao Network's drone delivery network covers 80% of the country's villages, and local coffee is delivered directly to Shanghai's live broadcast room within 48 hours. In 2025, the "Digital Silk Road" will enter the 2.0 stage:
Smart logistics revolution: China-Europe trains are equipped with Beidou satellite navigation system to achieve unmanned operation throughout the journey, reducing energy consumption by 15%;
Breakthrough in digital trade rules: China-ASEAN "White List Agreement on Cross-border Data Flow" takes effect, and tariff barriers for digital service trade are reduced by 40%;
Metaverse business landing: The "Belt and Road" special zone of the Canton Fair realizes holographic exhibition and sales, and Malaysian durian growers use AR technology to show the planting environment to Middle Eastern buyers in real time.
The "multiplier effect" of digital infrastructure begins to emerge: The World Bank estimates that the scale of the digital economy along the "Belt and Road" will account for 43% of the world in 2025, and cross-border data traffic will increase by 300% compared with 2022.
2. Green trade: from "product output" to "system empowerment"
On Java Island, Indonesia, China built the world's largest floating photovoltaic power station connected to the grid for power generation, and the supporting green hydrogen electrolysis equipment reduced the carbon intensity of local nickel ore smelting by 70%; in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the electric bus factory invested and built by Yutong Bus achieved a 100% localization rate, driving the formation of the Central Asian new energy vehicle industry chain. In 2025, green trade showed three major characteristics:
Export of zero-carbon technology packages: China's exports of "photovoltaic + energy storage + smart microgrid" integrated solutions to co-construction countries increased by 210% year-on-year;
Carbon tariff coordination mechanism: China-Kazakhstan launched the world's first cross-border carbon market interconnection pilot;
Circular economy closed loop: A cross-border recycling system for renewable resources was established along the China-Laos Railway, and the recycling rate of rubber products exceeded 65%.
The International Energy Agency report shows that China's investment in renewable energy in the "Belt and Road" will reach 68% in 2025, and its voice in green trade rule-making will be significantly improved.
3. Regional synergy: from "interconnection" to "value chain reconstruction"
After the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway was fully connected, the transportation time from Central Asia to the Mediterranean was shortened to 7 days, giving birth to the "Tianshan Economic Corridor" industrial cluster; in the first year of the launch of the China-Africa Free Trade Area, Kenyan fresh avocados arrived in China via a cold chain train in 12 days, driving the export of agricultural products from East Africa to grow by 35%. Regional cooperation in 2025 presents a new logic:
Flexible supply chain network: The Vietnam-Guangxi border smart industrial park realizes dynamic allocation of production capacity and can respond to global order fluctuations;
Localized innovation community: The NEOM joint laboratory jointly built by China and Saudi Arabia has achieved patent breakthroughs in the field of high-temperature photovoltaic materials;
Digital currency settlement circle: Digital RMB accounts for 22% of the settlement in the RCEP region, avoiding the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.
This "deep synergy" is changing the traditional gradient transfer model: Malaysia's imports of Chinese semiconductor intermediates increased by 45%, while exports of chip packaging services to the Middle East increased by 200%, forming a closed loop of cross-regional value chains.
IV. Challenges and Evolution: The Maturity of New Cooperation Paradigms
Facing the pressure of global supply chain restructuring, the Belt and Road Initiative has explored a more resilient cooperation path:
Intelligent Debt Management System: Sri Lanka's Hambantota Port introduced an AI debt risk assessment model to dynamically bind project yields to sovereign credit ratings;
New Technology Licensing Model: Egypt's Suez Economic and Trade Zone piloted a "patent equity" mechanism, and Chinese new energy vehicle companies exchanged technology for markets;
Geo-risk hedging tools: Sinosure launched the "Digital Silk Road Insurance" to cover new risks such as data sovereignty and technology supply interruptions.
In 2025, the Belt and Road Initiative will enter its 12th year. Against the backdrop of a global economic recovery and the explosive iteration of digital technology, China's trade in goods with 152 co-construction countries is expected to exceed US$2.5 trillion, the penetration rate of cross-border e-commerce has climbed to 28%, and the intelligent driving technology of China-Europe trains has entered the commercialization stage. Behind these data, a trade paradigm shift driven by technological revolution, green transformation and institutional innovation is reshaping the economic landscape of Eurasia.
1. Digital Trade: From "Channel Revolution" to "Ecological Reconstruction"
In Saudi Arabia's NEOM Future City, the world's first full-process digital twin port built by Chinese companies has been put into operation, and the blockchain logistics system has increased the efficiency of cross-border document processing by 90%; in Kigali, Rwanda, Africa, Cainiao Network's drone delivery network covers 80% of the country's villages, and local coffee is delivered directly to Shanghai's live broadcast room within 48 hours. In 2025, the "Digital Silk Road" will enter the 2.0 stage:
Smart logistics revolution: China-Europe trains are equipped with Beidou satellite navigation system to achieve unmanned operation throughout the journey, reducing energy consumption by 15%;
Breakthrough in digital trade rules: China-ASEAN "White List Agreement on Cross-border Data Flow" takes effect, and tariff barriers for digital service trade are reduced by 40%;
Metaverse business landing: The "Belt and Road" special zone of the Canton Fair realizes holographic exhibition and sales, and Malaysian durian growers use AR technology to show the planting environment to Middle Eastern buyers in real time.
The "multiplier effect" of digital infrastructure begins to emerge: The World Bank estimates that the scale of the digital economy along the "Belt and Road" will account for 43% of the world in 2025, and cross-border data traffic will increase by 300% compared with 2022.
2. Green trade: from "product output" to "system empowerment"
On Java Island, Indonesia, China built the world's largest floating photovoltaic power station connected to the grid for power generation, and the supporting green hydrogen electrolysis equipment reduced the carbon intensity of local nickel ore smelting by 70%; in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the electric bus factory invested and built by Yutong Bus achieved a 100% localization rate, driving the formation of the Central Asian new energy vehicle industry chain. In 2025, green trade showed three major characteristics:
Export of zero-carbon technology packages: China's exports of "photovoltaic + energy storage + smart microgrid" integrated solutions to co-construction countries increased by 210% year-on-year;
Carbon tariff coordination mechanism: China-Kazakhstan launched the world's first cross-border carbon market interconnection pilot;
Circular economy closed loop: A cross-border recycling system for renewable resources was established along the China-Laos Railway, and the recycling rate of rubber products exceeded 65%.
The International Energy Agency report shows that China's investment in renewable energy in the "Belt and Road" will reach 68% in 2025, and its voice in green trade rule-making will be significantly improved.
3. Regional synergy: from "interconnection" to "value chain reconstruction"
After the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway was fully connected, the transportation time from Central Asia to the Mediterranean was shortened to 7 days, giving birth to the "Tianshan Economic Corridor" industrial cluster; in the first year of the launch of the China-Africa Free Trade Area, Kenyan fresh avocados arrived in China via a cold chain train in 12 days, driving the export of agricultural products from East Africa to grow by 35%. Regional cooperation in 2025 presents a new logic:
Flexible supply chain network: The Vietnam-Guangxi border smart industrial park realizes dynamic allocation of production capacity and can respond to global order fluctuations;
Localized innovation community: The NEOM joint laboratory jointly built by China and Saudi Arabia has achieved patent breakthroughs in the field of high-temperature photovoltaic materials;
Digital currency settlement circle: Digital RMB accounts for 22% of the settlement in the RCEP region, avoiding the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.
This "deep synergy" is changing the traditional gradient transfer model: Malaysia's imports of Chinese semiconductor intermediates increased by 45%, while exports of chip packaging services to the Middle East increased by 200%, forming a closed loop of cross-regional value chains.
IV. Challenges and Evolution: The Maturity of New Cooperation Paradigms
Facing the pressure of global supply chain restructuring, the Belt and Road Initiative has explored a more resilient cooperation path:
Intelligent Debt Management System: Sri Lanka's Hambantota Port introduced an AI debt risk assessment model to dynamically bind project yields to sovereign credit ratings;
New Technology Licensing Model: Egypt's Suez Economic and Trade Zone piloted a "patent equity" mechanism, and Chinese new energy vehicle companies exchanged technology for markets;
Geo-risk hedging tools: Sinosure launched the "Digital Silk Road Insurance" to cover new risks such as data sovereignty and technology supply interruptions.In 2025, the Belt and Road Initiative will enter its 12th year. Against the backdrop of a global economic recovery and the explosive iteration of digital technology, China's trade in goods with 152 co-construction countries is expected to exceed US$2.5 trillion, the penetration rate of cross-border e-commerce has climbed to 28%, and the intelligent driving technology of China-Europe trains has entered the commercialization stage. Behind these data, a trade paradigm shift driven by technological revolution, green transformation and institutional innovation is reshaping the economic landscape of Eurasia.
1. Digital Trade: From "Channel Revolution" to "Ecological Reconstruction"
In Saudi Arabia's NEOM Future City, the world's first full-process digital twin port built by Chinese companies has been put into operation, and the blockchain logistics system has increased the efficiency of cross-border document processing by 90%; in Kigali, Rwanda, Africa, Cainiao Network's drone delivery network covers 80% of the country's villages, and local coffee is delivered directly to Shanghai's live broadcast room within 48 hours. In 2025, the "Digital Silk Road" will enter the 2.0 stage:
Smart logistics revolution: China-Europe trains are equipped with Beidou satellite navigation system to achieve unmanned operation throughout the journey, reducing energy consumption by 15%;
Breakthrough in digital trade rules: China-ASEAN "White List Agreement on Cross-border Data Flow" takes effect, and tariff barriers for digital service trade are reduced by 40%;
Metaverse business landing: The "Belt and Road" special zone of the Canton Fair realizes holographic exhibition and sales, and Malaysian durian growers use AR technology to show the planting environment to Middle Eastern buyers in real time.
The "multiplier effect" of digital infrastructure begins to emerge: The World Bank estimates that the scale of the digital economy along the "Belt and Road" will account for 43% of the world in 2025, and cross-border data traffic will increase by 300% compared with 2022.
2. Green trade: from "product output" to "system empowerment"
On Java Island, Indonesia, China built the world's largest floating photovoltaic power station connected to the grid for power generation, and the supporting green hydrogen electrolysis equipment reduced the carbon intensity of local nickel ore smelting by 70%; in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, the electric bus factory invested and built by Yutong Bus achieved a 100% localization rate, driving the formation of the Central Asian new energy vehicle industry chain. In 2025, green trade showed three major characteristics:
Export of zero-carbon technology packages: China's exports of "photovoltaic + energy storage + smart microgrid" integrated solutions to co-construction countries increased by 210% year-on-year;
Carbon tariff coordination mechanism: China-Kazakhstan launched the world's first cross-border carbon market interconnection pilot;
Circular economy closed loop: A cross-border recycling system for renewable resources was established along the China-Laos Railway, and the recycling rate of rubber products exceeded 65%.
The International Energy Agency report shows that China's investment in renewable energy in the "Belt and Road" will reach 68% in 2025, and its voice in green trade rule-making will be significantly improved.
3. Regional synergy: from "interconnection" to "value chain reconstruction"
After the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway was fully connected, the transportation time from Central Asia to the Mediterranean was shortened to 7 days, giving birth to the "Tianshan Economic Corridor" industrial cluster; in the first year of the launch of the China-Africa Free Trade Area, Kenyan fresh avocados arrived in China via a cold chain train in 12 days, driving the export of agricultural products from East Africa to grow by 35%. Regional cooperation in 2025 presents a new logic:
Flexible supply chain network: The Vietnam-Guangxi border smart industrial park realizes dynamic allocation of production capacity and can respond to global order fluctuations;
Localized innovation community: The NEOM joint laboratory jointly built by China and Saudi Arabia has achieved patent breakthroughs in the field of high-temperature photovoltaic materials;
Digital currency settlement circle: Digital RMB accounts for 22% of the settlement in the RCEP region, avoiding the risk of exchange rate fluctuations.
This "deep synergy" is changing the traditional gradient transfer model: Malaysia's imports of Chinese semiconductor intermediates increased by 45%, while exports of chip packaging services to the Middle East increased by 200%, forming a closed loop of cross-regional value chains.
IV. Challenges and Evolution: The Maturity of New Cooperation Paradigms
Facing the pressure of global supply chain restructuring, the Belt and Road Initiative has explored a more resilient cooperation path:
Intelligent Debt Management System: Sri Lanka's Hambantota Port introduced an AI debt risk assessment model to dynamically bind project yields to sovereign credit ratings;
New Technology Licensing Model: Egypt's Suez Economic and Trade Zone piloted a "patent equity" mechanism, and Chinese new energy vehicle companies exchanged technology for markets;
Geo-risk hedging tools: Sinosure launched the "Digital Silk Road Insurance" to cover new risks such as data sovereignty and technology supply interruptions.
